UAE residents gripped by anxiety disorders
Stress can cause acne and other skin problems
Stress and anxiety are “common” ailments in the UAE and can have a significant impact on physical and mental health, experts warn.
In an interview with Khaleej Times, Dr Shankar Srinivas Kuchibatla, consultant psychiatrist and medical director of the Dubai-based Lifeworks, said that “stress levels and anxiety are on the rise globally”, including the UAE.
“It is due to the demands put on a person in a 24-hour society like Dubai,” he said. “We see a lot of clients with stress and anxiety and there seems to be an increase in cases in the last two years. I would say nearly 20 per cent of the population suffers from some kind of anxiety disorder, which is usually one of the outcomes of prolonged stress.”
Dr Kuchibatla added that stress and anxiety can manifest themselves in a wide range of physical symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, muscle tension and pain, palpitations or increased heart rate and pounding of the heart, as well as symptoms related to indigestion, gastric upsets and acidity, and sleep issues.
Additionally, stress can cause acne and other skin problems, increase the risk of low bone density and a weakened immune system, as well as reproductive issues such as irregular or painful periods for women and impotence and low sperm-production for men. Stress and anxiety can also lead to reduced sexual desire for both genders.
According to Dr Kuchibatla, the patients he sees give a number of different reasons for suffering from stress and anxiety.
“Some of the common reasons are threatened job loss, change in role and increased pressure from superiors and inability to cope with schedules, and adjustment issues of carried reasons like migration to a new place, new relationships, and new job,” he said.
“Often, the effects of stress and anxiety spills into one’s personal life, leading to relationship problems, which in turn leads to further stress and other associated mental health issues,” he added.
“Also, financial woes are one of the most common factors leading to chronic stress and impact on an individual’s ability to enjoy life.”
A “common finding” in Dr Kuchibatla’s practice, he said, was that patients use tobacco or alcohol in an attempt to self-medicate. “In fact, this is a maladaptive coping strategy which does not increase functioning,” he noted. “The temporary decrease in stress in an individual shuts them out from their problems, but the stressor maintains its strength of becomes more powerful.”
Dr Kuchibatla advised that those who think they may be suffering from stress require a “comprehensive evaluation.”
“Risk of depression and severe anxiety is high after a prolonged period of stress and burnout,” he said. “Prevention.plays an important role in the long-term outcomes of these conditions.” Additionally, the doctor recommended lifestyle changes like regular physical exercise. “Treatment usually depends on the assessment findings.”
“For early stages of stress reaction, counselling is indicated. Psychotherapeutic approaches like cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and medications are found to be very helpful for prolonged anxiety and depression. Sometimes a combination of medications and CBT approaches are needed.”
bernd@khaleejtimes.com
Feeling of isolation can be harmful
Being an expat in a city, faraway from one’s country of origin, can bring a unique sense of loneliness and lead to stress and anxiety, according to Dr Rasha Bassim of Priory’s Wellbeing Centre in Dubai. “Like any expatriate community, moving to a new place without one’s family, and, in some cases, friends, can be somewhat lonely. Life, irrespective of where you reside, can have its challenges,” she said. “Experiencing these challenges without your backbone support network of friends and family can be overwhelming and lead to a feeling of isolation.”
Many people, she added, are too self-critical, and too quick to compare their lives to other people.
“It could simply be everyday issues that are troubling us,” she said. “However, instances in which we compare our relationship to others, look at others’ social media photos wishing we had that life, or convincing ourselves that we should be further along the career ladder than we are, can be harmful.”
According to Dr Bassim, many expats, who are without their traditional support networks, “tend to repress their emotions and push their fears inward until these feelings absolutely overload them.”
“Those feelings develop into mental ill health, whether it’s stress, anxiety or depression,” she said. “Sometimes people are alert to this and do hurry to get professional help, at least in the form of seeking counseling or advice, to nip their problems in the bud and prevent them from developing further.”
“Unfortunately, the global stigmas attached to mental health lead to many waiting too long, in denial, or in the hope the problems will fix themselves,” she added.
When asked what advice she would give lonely, stressed, anxious or depressed expats, Dr Bassim responded simply that “it is okay to be afraid.”
“It is okay to be ill. The most important thing to realise is that feelings like depression and anxiety are eminently treatable.”
bernd@khaleejtimes.com
Compassionate HealthCareSmoking breaks during working hours affect mind’s ability to tackle stress
Sherouk Zakaria
Endless ads and health campaigns over the years couldn’t place more emphasis on the hazardous impact of smoking on people’s health.
Among the myths surrounding smoking is the common saying we hear all the time: “I smoke when I’m stressed!” And more often that not, people take ‘smoking breaks’ during working hours to exhale their stress away.
However, the body’s reaction to cigarettes increases stress levels. Dr Marie Thompson, senior clinical psychologist at Lifeworks, said that the nicotine reaches the brain in 10 seconds, causing a release of ‘feel good’ hormones to the nervous system that reduces tension and provides a sense of well-being.
This chemical reaction, though, reduces the brain’s own ability to release the hormones necessary in alleviating stress.
“Smoking encourages the brain to switch off its own mechanism for making dopamine so in the long term the supply decreases, which in turn lowers mood and concentration and prompts people to smoke more,” said Thompson.
Something initially used to help manage stress, becomes the stressor. Thompson said: “Where initially a person simply had to tackle a difficult situation, they are now left having to tackle a difficult situation and a nicotine addiction.”
Aamnah Husain, psychologist at German Neuroscience Centre, said: “The stress that smoking takes away, wouldn’t even be there if a person wasn’t a smoker.”
“When in high concentration, [smoking] leads to significant nervous system activation increasing heart rate and breathing as well as blood pressure. It can lead to experiencing nausea, agitation and nervousness. All of these effects essentially intensify a stressful experience instead of reducing it.”
She added that taking breaks to smoke in the middle of important tasks also contribute in breaking concentration and makes it more difficult to get back to being productive, causing procrastination and creating further stress,” said Husain.
While studies showed that smokers who quit have up to a 20 per cent reduction in perceived stress compared to those who continue smoking, Husain said smoking just helps reduce the discomfort caused by craving, and not stress.
sherouk@khaleejtimes.com
Know a few tips to beat stress in busy life
- Exercise: According to medical professionals, exercise is one of the best ways to relax, de-stress and improve your mood throughout the day. At a minimum, 30 minutes of exercise three to five times per week is recommended.
- Breathe: An easy way to calm down and beat stress is through deep breathing. Try sitting (or laying) down in a comfortable position, closing your eyes, imagining yourself in a relaxing place, and breathing in and out deeply for between five and ten minutes.
- Eat well: A well-balanced diet with vegetables, fruits, whole grains and lean protein can do wonders for your mood and help keep one energized throughout the day. Don’t skip meals – It can contribute to a bad mood and cause more stress.
- Slow things down: While it may sound difficult for those of us with hectic jobs, find time to disconnect and slow things down. If the amount of tasks you have to do seems insurmountable, try breaking things down into smaller goals that you can take on one by one.
- Make time for your hobbies: Doing something you enjoy every day – even if it’s only for 15 minutes – can help you relax, take your mind off whatever is stressing you, and make you happier.
- Talk: Talking to friends or family members about what is stressing you out can help take a weight off your mind. They may even be able to give their own opinions on what you can do to help relieve the stress.
- Be easy on yourself: Lots of things in life are beyond are control, so try your best not to worry about them too much and just go with the flow.
- Identify the problem: Figure out exactly what’s stressing you out. Is it your job? A relationship? Money woes? Once you identify what exactly is causing you to be anxious or stressed, you can begin identifying ways to ease the stress. If it’s the workload at your job, for example, you can speak to your boss and co-workers to see whether it might be possible to lighten the load or share the burden.
If you would like to talk, feel free to reach out to us. An LifeWorks therapist would be able to help.
I’m Dr. Saba Aslam, Licensed Clinical Psychologist at LifeWorks. I have more than seven years of experience working in this field with all age groups as children, adolescents, adults and older.
I have worked with the patients having diverse mental health issues as stress, depression, anxiety, emotional behavioral problems, anger issues, intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, interpersonal relationship problems, self-esteem issues, decreased self-confidence, or trust issues, adjustment problems, stress and coping related to developmental changes and physical or sexual abuse in children or adolescents.
I am proficient in using protective techniques, IQ tests, personality tests and other psychological and neurodevelopmental assessment protocols. I prefer to combine elements of various approaches, including humanistic, psychoanalytic/ psycho dynamic, gestalt, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavior modification, social skills trainings, dialectical behavior therapy and applied behavior analysis.
Education and Training:
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PhD Clinical Psychology.
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MS/M. Phil Clinical Psychology.
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CBT Certification: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Practitioner Course.
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Two Research Rewards for Excellent Research Publications
Qualifications and Memberships:
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Dubai Health Authority Licensed Psychologist (DHA)
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CBT Certification: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Practitioner Course.
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Member American Psychological Association # C2203825762
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Member Australian & New Zealand Mental Health Association (ANZMH)
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Member International Society of Substance Use Professionals (ISSUP).
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Member Pakistan Association of Clinical Psychology (PACP).
Languages:
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English, Urdu, Hindi
About
Raised and educated in Italy, Dr. Lorena is a highly experienced Cognitive Behavioural Clinical Psychologist-Psychotherapist. She achieved her 5 years Bachelor/Master Degree in Clinical Psychology at Padua University (Italy) and further she completed her professional profile with a 4 Years Master Specialization in Como (Italy) at the Post Bachelor Specialization School in Cognitive Therapy.
She also has a Master in Counselling at Brescia University (Italy) and completed level 1 and 2 training in EMDR.
She has been working as a Psychologist /Psychotherapist for 20 years in both Public, Private Hospitals and outpatients clinics.
In addition to her clinical skills experience, Dr Lorena has had an extensive involvement in teaching, clinical research and publications in different fields such as Binge Eating Disorders and Psychological Rehabilitation after heart attack.
After moving to Dubai in 2012 Dr. Lorena got a DHA Licence as Clinical Psychologist and provides psychological treatments in a wide range of mental health and emotional issues.
Qualifications
- Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology-University of Padua(Italy)
- Postgraduate degree in Cognitive Therapy – Postgraduate School of Como (Italy)
- Postgraduate degree in Counselling-University of Brescia (Italy)
- EMDR- level 1 and 2
- Couple Therapy Gottman Method -Level1
- Member of Italian Society of Psychologists-Pychotherapists – Lombardy Region
- Member of CBT–Italy
- Dubai Health Authority Licence
Expertise
- Anxiety Disorders ( Panic attack, Generalized Anxiety, Social Phobia, Specific Phobia , Obsessive Compulsive Disorders)
- Mood Disorders ( Major Depression , Post partum Depression, Cyclothymia, Dysthymia) Adjustment Disorders
- Personality Disorders (Narcissistic Personality Disorder. – Avoidant PD- Dependent PD.)
- Eating Disorders -Anorexia-Bulimia- Binge Eating Disorder
- Relational Difficulties
- Worry and Rumination
- Workplace stress and burnout
- Self- esteem
- Parent training
- Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Coping with Emotional and psychological problems during Covid19
Therapies
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ( third wave approach)
- Post-Rationalism Cognitive Therapy approach
- Attachment theory approach
- Mindfulness Approaches
- EMDR
- Marital/couple Therapy ( Gottman approach)
About
Maryam has master’s degree in Relationship therapist and has been working in the Mental Health field since 2009. She believes that therapy is a collaborative process and she kindly guides clients to increase self-awareness, gain new perspectives, decrease symptoms, and increase personal strengths to have a more meaningful life experience.
Throughout her career, Maryam has worked with adults, adolescents, and children, across various settings, including private practice and outpatient primary care clinics, in Netherlands and UAE. She has been working as a psychologist in UAE since 2013.
Maryam has extensive experience in applying various Social worker including Neurofeedback therapy, ABA (behavior) therapy, Counseling and relationship therapy.
In her clinical practice, Maryam helps the individuals t
- Manage their moods and emotions
- Process anxiety
- Reduce levels of general distress and discomfort
- Increase attention and the ability to focus
- Improvement of memory
- Treatment of headache and migraine
Maryam uses a warm, empathetic approach to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where clients can learn, grow, and achieve their goals. She makes sure to offer flexibility, meet the individuals where they are, and have patience to help each individual feel secure throughout the process. She always encourages open communication regarding the course of therapy and goal achievement.
Education
- Master of Relationship therapist/System therapy VU University, Amsterdam
- Bachelor of Social Work (BSW), Hogeschool University of Holland, Enschede
- Neurofeedback therapist
Board Certifications:
- Community Development Authority License (CDA), Dubai, UAE
- Certificate of completion the Biofeedback and Neurofeedback of New York.
Languages
- English
- Dutch
- Persian
- German
About
Ritasha Varsani is a CDA licensed Psychologist practicing in Dubai. She has an experience of over ten years in providing psychotherapy to a diverse population in a mental health settings in India and United States. She has been professionally trained from USA and her expertise lies in Marriage, Family and Child Therapy. She offers problem solving insights with evidence based therapies to clients giving them the strength to express themselves and promotes equal privilege is what she believes in.
“Empathy and sensitivity is key to connecting with people on a human level”. I support my clients by cultivating the ability and demonstrating with authenticity, vulnerability and honesty and increase their sense of their own well being. As a result of her approachable, non-judgmental and compassionate attitude her clients feel safe in addressing and overcoming developmental challenges, psychological obstacles and traumatic life experiences.
Her Therapeutic Approach
Ritasha uses an integrative approach by incorporating interpersonal and psychodynamic principles and evidence based therapies such as Cognitive behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, narrative therapy, compassion focused therapy, solution focused therapy, family therapy. She takes a client centered and culturally competent approach to facilitate progress and change by quality of care and moving through the journey of recovery. Her age range of clients varies from preschool kids to adolescents, individuals and couples/ families providing therapeutic interventions in individual and group settings.
Specialization:
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Marital and family Disputes
- Personality Disorders
- Anger Management
- Bereavement
- Premarital guidance
- Self identity and life transition issues
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD )
- Trauma and stressor-related disorders
- Mindfulness
- Psycho education Qualifications and Memberships
- Bachelor of Arts in Psychology – St Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad
- Masters in Psychology with a concentration in Marriage & Family Therapy – San Francisco, USA
- Certificate of Introduction to Compassion Focused Therapy – NHS, London
- Certificate of Applying Hope to Couple Therapy – American Psychological Association
- Member of American Psychological Association, International Affiliate ( APA )
- Member of Middle Eastern Psychology Association ( MEPA )
Education
- Bachelor of Arts in Psychology – St Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad
- Masters in Psychology with a concentration in Marriage & Family Therapy – San Francisco, USA
- Certificate of Introduction to Compassion Focused Therapy – NHS, London
- Certificate of Applying Hope to Couple Therapy – American Psychological Association
- Member of American Psychological Association, International Affiliate ( APA )
- Member of Middle Eastern Psychology Association ( MEPA )
Languages
- English
- Hindi
- Gujarati
About
Safia Ali Malik is DHA licensed Clinical Psychologist with comprehensive knowledge and understanding on different therapeutic techniques. Compassionate, dedicated and empathetic with clients. Experience of working with clients with different needs and nationalities with utmost cultural sensitivity. Excel at providing adolescents and adults with individual psychotherapy to help them facilitate their social and personal growth and allow them to lead more meaningful and fulfilling lives.
She specializes in psychological and educational assessments and provides individual, family and group therapies.
Her Therapeutic Approach
Psychometric and Psychological assessment, Cognitive therapy, Group therapy, individual therapy, Management, Dialectic Behaviour therapy, Solution Focused and Problem solving Approaches depending on the need of the client.
Specialization:
- Behavioural Disorders
- Anxiety Management
- Psychometric Assessment
- Cognitive problems
- Coping skills
- Grief therapy
- Mindfulness
- OCD and PTSD.
Education
- Masters in Psychology from Government College University Lhr, Pakistan.
- Post Graduate Diploma in Child and adult Psychotherapy from Government College University Lhr, Pakistan.
- Graduation in Psychology from Punjab university Lhr, Pakistan.
Languages
- English
- Urdu (Hindi)
Corina has her master’s degree in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and has been working in the Mental Health field since 2007. She believes that therapy is a collaborative process and she kindly guides clients to increase self-awareness, gain new perspectives, decrease symptoms, and increase personal strengths to have a more meaningful life experience.
Throughout her career, Corina has worked with adults, adolescents, and children, across various settings, including private practice and outpatient primary care clinics, in Romania, Spain and UAE. She has been working as a psychologist in the Emirates since 2017, in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Her last position was in a children’s medical center, where she had helped families overcome various challenges, such as anxiety, depression, challenging behaviors and OCD, to name a few.
Corina has extensive experience in applying various empirically-supported Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT), including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Solution Focused Brief therapy (SFBT), Trauma Focused CBT (TF-CBT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
In her clinical practice, Corina delivers evidence-based treatments to individuals facing a wide range of emotional, behavioral and adjustment problems, such as:
- Anxiety Disorders
- Anger and Stress Management
- Behavioral Challenges
- Depression
- PTSD
- Self-Harm Behavior
- Grief and Loss
- Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
- Trauma
- Family and Relationship Challenges
- Low Self Esteem
- Suicide prevention
Corina uses a warm, empathetic approach to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where clients can learn, grow, and achieve their goals. She makes sure to offer flexibility, meet the individuals where they are, and have patience to help each individual feel secure throughout the process. She always encourages open communication regarding the course of therapy and goal achievement.
Education:
- Master Degree in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Bucharest, Romania
- Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology, Bucharest, Romania
Board Certifications:
- Community Development Authority License (CDA), Dubai, UAE
- Romanian College of Psychologists, Bucharest, Romania
Languages:
English, Romanian, Spanish
About
Dr.Marwa Abd El Hamid is a certified and trained psychologist with over 16 years of experience working in different countries in a variety of settings. She Specializes in Clinical and Educational Psychology. She has been associated with large hospitals, schools and corporate clients in UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt in conducting sessions on various mental health issues including stress management, parenting and child development, and mindfulness for holistic wellbeing.
As a professional psychologist, she is continually inspired by people’s ability especially she believes deeply that the people themselves are the real experts in their own lives.
Her therapeutic approach
Cognitive behavioral therapy, Dialectic behavior therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused on compassion based therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Psychoanalysis, Existential therapy as well as Psychodrama and group therapy based on the needs of the client.
Areas of Specialization for Children
- Kids & Special needs (play therapy).
- Dealing with Autism – Asperger – Down syndrome using (PECS –TEACCH –HELP –LOVAAS-INTEGRATION-PORTAGE).
- Skills development.
- Childhood Emotional disorders.
- Behavioral Problems.
- Attention difficulties.
- Developmental learning difficulties.
- Cognitive difficulties.
- Difficulties of remembering.
- Difficulties in conceptual formation.
- Difficulty solving problems.
Professional Experience
- Adjustments to life transitions like adoption, bereavement, divorce, relocation.
- Mood disorders like depression, and Bipolar disorders.
- Low self-esteem.
- Body image issues.
- Anxiety disorders like phobias, panic, OCD and PTSD.
- Pre-marital counseling and couples counseling.
- Family Conflict Therapy.
- Trauma.
- Addictions.
- Anger and stress.
- Career decisions and work-life balance.
- Mindfulness for the holistic wellbeing.
- She has also worked with Kids with special needs.
Education
- Ph.D. in psychology Ain-Shams University.
- Master in Educational Psychology Ain-Shams University.
- Special diploma in Mental Health Alexandria University.
- Professional diploma in Special Education Alexandria University.
- Educational Diploma in Education at Alexandria University.
Board Certifications or equivalent
- Community Development Authority (CDA), Dubai.
Languages
- Arabic
- English
About
Dr. Sravani Behara, is Specialist Psychiatrist, MBBS ; MD, MRCPsych (UK) and Medical Director at LifeWorks Holistic Counselling Centre. She is experienced in managing mental health conditions across all age groups in both OP, IP settings using various pharmacological and psychological approaches.
She has also worked as an Asst. Professor in a 650 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital (Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, India) for more than three years and one year in a Government Medical College (Siddhartha Medical college, India). He has extensive experience in handling child guidance, geriatric, de-addiction, general adult clinics.
Areas of expertise include:
- Anxiety disorders (Generalised anxiety, panic disorder)
- Phobias (social and specific phobias)
- Obsessive and compulsive disorders
- Puerperal disorders (postpartum blues, postpartum depression)
- Affective disorders (depression, BPAD, mania)
- Psychosis (schizophrenia and acute psychotic conditions)
- Stress related disorders(PTSD)
- Substance abuse disorders (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis)
- Eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa)
- Personality disorders (schizoid, borderline)
- Child psychiatry (ADHD, Autistic spectrum and bedwetting)
- Conversion disorders
- Neuropsychiatry
Qualifications & Memberships
- MBBS, MD (Psychiatry)
- DHA licensed
Languages
- English
- Hindi
- Telugu
FaQ’s
- Who is a psychiatrist? Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders. A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in mental health, including substance and other addictions.
- When should I see a psychiatrist? You should see a psychiatrist suffering from:
– Finding it hard to cope with the death of a loved one.
– Tension and anxiety and depression
– Phobias and Worthlessness
– Family and Relationship Problems
– Performance enhancement and Lack of concentration
– Chronic sadness and Guilt
– Irritability and Fatigue
- What are the major diseases that psychiatrists treat?
Psychiatrist treat disorders like anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorder, sexual dysfunctions and gender dysphoria, substance-related and addictive disorders, and schizophrenia.
- Difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
Psychologists focus on psychotherapy and treating emotional and mental suffering with behavioral intervention. Psychologists are also qualified to conduct psychological testing but in most cases, cannot prescribe medications to their patients.
- What happens in your first appointment with a psychiatrist?
The first appointment with a psychiatrist is usually one hour long. During your meeting, your psychiatrist listens to you talk about your concerns and symptoms, asks questions about your general health, asks about your family history, takes your blood pressure and do a basic physical check-up and might asks you to fill out a questionnaire.
About
Dr. Bassem Hamed Mohamed Badr is an Egyptian Consultant Psychiatrist and Fellow of American Psychiatric Association, with 25 years of experience. He graduated from Alexandria University in 1993 with MBBch in Medicine, he then went to on to complete further education with a Diploma of Psychiatry and Addiction Practice, Master of Science in Neuropsychiatry, Diploma in Mental Health, Diploma in Hospital Administration and then ultimately received his Medical Doctorate in Psychiatry in 2008 at the University of Suez Canal in Egypt. He is also licensed as Aeromedical examiner: GCAA, General Civil Aviation Authority
Dr Bassem Badr provides comprehensive care for patients of all ages. He believes that the best outcomes are achieved through a combination of professional excellence and an empathic approach. As an expert in the field of general and adult psychiatry, he adopts an approach that is based on a combination of the psyche, the soma, and the spirit through both scientific and philosophical overviews.
Professional Experience
Not only has Dr. Bassem worked in Senior Roles in Hospitals in Dubai, Kuwait, and Egypt but he has also been a Lecturer and Professor at several Educational Institutes, a peer to peer speaker and a coordinator for various addiction treatment programs. He has contributed to scientific research in a number of medical journals. He is also a talented writer in the field of social and psychological problems and has had many publications in reputable newspapers and magazines.
Areas of Specialization
- Depression
- Grief
- Adjustment disorders
- Sleeping and eating disorders
- Panic attacks and anxiety disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Personality disorders
- Substance use and drug addiction
- Marital and sexual disorders
- Manic depressive disorder
- Dementia
- Cognitive disorders
- Memory disturbance
- Phobias
- Bipolar diseases